Giver of skulls
If you really spent three hours pouring through them, you should’ve listened to your teacher explaining how the index works.
As for the rest, yeah, this was true even going into the 90s before everyone had internet. No way to AskJeeves the question because mom was on the phone and she didn’t like it when you turned on the digital satanic screams while she was using it.
I found both sides rather aggressive to be honest. The implication that the use of “he” implies that the author assumes every user is male comes with an implied accusation of some form of misogyny. The aggressive defence again at the implication went too far, but the implication of malice was unnecessary, especially for an unknown outsider butting in.
Furthermore, the “generic he” has also been acceptable English for centuries, and has only been starting to be phased out in the past few decades. In high school, some of my English study materials still came from thirty years before, and certainly didn’t contain gender neutral words like “postperson”. Singular “they” may have been around since the 14th century but that doesn’t mean it was commonplace. My native language doesn’t have an equivalent for the singular they, so I’ll probably use “he” in wrong places. Accusing me of not considering female users because I’m not a native English speaker certainly won’t make me want to help you (though I’d probably just ignore you rather than shut you down; then again, I’m not recovering from substance addiction like the original author was back in the day, so that’s not hard for me to do).
Actually, I want to backup my system as I’m new to Linux, there is that I will break the system.
Then you will need to also include most if not all system packages. You can exclude your home folder if you want.
Note that there are big differences between how Timeshift works on btrfs or on anything else. BTRFS snapshots allow something called “copy on write”, basically allowing the system to make a “copy” of a file that references the same data as another, and from that moment only tracking changes. That way, you can instantly create snapshots of entire drives, and keep dozens of snapshots without risking running out of storage. I’ve got my system set up to make a snapshot every time software updates are installed and the biggest snapshot I’ve seen was about 45GB (it was a snapshot from before upgrading Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04 and included a few virtual machine and ML models). My daily apt upgrades generate snapshots of about 100MB but I can still roll back the moment I need to. I can even select an older snapshot in my Grub boot menu in case my bootloader dies.
The rsync based approach used on ext4 and other filesystems isn’t that flexible. You’ll get snapshots, but each file needs to be processed individually. This means you need to make sure to close down programs before making snapshots or you’ll risk corruption. The disk space savings are also more limited; filesystems like ext4 will still have almost 0 overhead for files that haven’t been changed between two snapshots, but if you change a single bit in the middle of a 100MB file, chances are rsync will create a fresh copy (whereas btrfs would only store an extra extent, usually 4KB, which is the smallest unit the filesystem will let you control).
Restoring snapshots using rsync requires copying/linking files back, and can’t be done transparently. This means you can’t boot a previous version of the system like on btrfs, you’ll need to boot into recovery mode, restore the snapshot manually, and reboot.
I’m afraid about the compatibility of BTRFS ( not like system drive need any compatibility ). Does it have a good community support as ext4?
Support is mature enough that it’ll Just Work in most cases. With some edge cases, like disk usage statistics not being accurate, because tools don’t realise files can be partially deduplicated or compressed, let alone taking subvolume quotas into account. In most cases, the more fancy features you enable, the more older software will act a bit funny.
I believe Fedora has picked it as the default for a few years now. Haven’t checked, though.
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Tools like df and other file system monitors only support very rudimentary disk usage statistics, even when certain ext4 features are involved. There are a bunch of methods in which btrfs can seem full, but still have plenty of space, or it can seem like there are gigabytes of space left but the volume is so unbalanced that that space isn’t actually usable. There are also about three types of data stores that can technically get full (though your rarely run into that). Usually, you can claim back a chunk of storage after a year or two by rebalancing and defragmenting the file system, especially if you use advanced features like snapshotting. I believe there are rolls to automatically run these operations as well.
These issues seem to come up. Most when you’ve nearly filled the FS to the brim. Keeping 10% free seems to prevent most of them from ever popping up.
There are a few other edge cases as well (like how you should disable compression on swap files and virtual machine images, and how you may want to disable copy on write and snapshots on them as well for performance reasons) but they’re more niche. There are a bunch of really cool features as well (like how you can send a snapshot over the network in the form of only the difference since the version before, making network disk backups tiny). You’re not that likely to run into any of them, but the project website has everything documented if you’re interested.
Doing it in a VM would be excellent! I recommend taking a look at a tool called “btrfs assistant” if it’s available for your distro, it’s a lot easier to navigate than the deep menu of command line flags.
You can convert a running ext4 system into BTRFS and even move back to ext4, but to optimise the file system there are quite a few tricks to run as well. They come down to “remove the ext4 metadata (can’t go back after that), defragment, balance, maybe defragment again” and there are tools out there that make this stuff doable though the GUI, but I wouldn’t necessarily recommend that approach I novices.
The cleanest switch would be to reinstall. Not just because of the steps above, but also to make sure the right subvolumes are set up with the right properties. This too can be done from a (mostly) running system, but it’s an absolute pain in the ass to have to do manually, especially if you’re not an expert in command line stuff.
ext4 works fine if you don’t want to deal with all of this, but you’ll have to keep an eye on things like backup sizes just a bit more often
If you can’t take advantage of Timeshift’s BTRFS support, you’ll probably need to keep an eye on disk space regardless.
All the .deb files are installed across system directories like /usr and /etc. If you only want backups of your files, just exclude everything outside /home and your data drive. This makes it more difficult to recover from a failed upgrade Windows System Restore style (as you exclude the system components from the backups) but hopefully you’ll never need that (or will be willing to reinstall and restore from backup when failure does happen). You may also want to exclude folders like $HOME/.cache and $HOME/.var if they’re present on your system. I think Chrome puts some of its cache in $HOME/.config as well, though I’d back up most .config folders myself.
If your storage is that limited and you’re already familiar with Timeshift, you may want to consider switching to BTRFS. It’s not very friendly when it’s almost full, but compression and deduplication can save a lot of disk space, especially with tools like Timeshift. Other filesystems also offer these features, but Timeshift doesn’t make use of anything but BTRFS as far as I know.
I get skin irritations regardless of how clean my smart watch is after my wrist gets wet. Not entirely sure why, but something to consider if cleaning doesn’t help.
Check the manual to see if there are specific cleaning instructions. You don’t want to accidentally damage any rubber seals with soap that’s too aggressive or scrub off a protective coating somewhere.
My watch came with instructions to wipe it down with clean water, then some standard disinfectant alcohol. If that doesn’t work, soap-free detergent is recommended (I didn’t know that existed in any mild form?), so I’m guessing my watch really doesn’t like soap.
I wouldn’t mess with stuff like alcohol on rubber/silicone bands without checking if it doesn’t melt the material. Accidentally making napalm by combining plastics and solvents is way too easy!
I wonder why that person decided to stir drama now. I guess they must’ve been upset after Ladybird got a good amount of investment money or something?
Seems like a lot of exaggerated claims of malice to me, even for Github drama. Assuming someone is transphobic for closing a trans person’s PR quite the stretch.
That’s gonna be very difficult, restarting Mars’ dynamo is going to require some god-like amount of power. We don’t even know what powered the string dynamo it had 4 billion years ago; all we know is that there was a good magnetosphere, and then that collapsed and for a while a much weaker secondary dynamo took over, until that collapsed as well.
To get back an earth like dynamo, we’d need to do something crazy like re-melt huge parts of Mars’ insides in such a way to generate a flow structure that would remagnetise the planet.
I suspect it may very well be easier to cool down Venus than to restore Mars’ magnetic field when it comes to terraforming.
You can probably just swap the SSD if your dock uses a protocol that Windows’ bootloader can understand. Some USB 3.2/Thunderbolt docks just seem to work with Windows, albeit a bit slower because of hubs and such that aren’t always top quality.
Just try it. It either boots or it doesn’t. If it doesn’t, it’s probably a massive pain to get working in the dock (best of luck to you if you’ll still try).
You should also check for updates/update your new SSD’s firmware, probably under Windows. Not a lot of brands make Linux installers and the automatic tools that check compatibility generally aren’t part of the Linux firmware downloads.
Re: file transfer: make sure you have your Bitlocker recovery key, or disable encryption on the Windows partition so you can access it in Linux. Other than that, just copy over the files. Linux can read Windows’ file system just fine. If you load the right drivers, Windows can also read file systems like btrfs or ext4 just fine.
The strain is already radiation resistant (radiation was observed to promote growth). We still need something that actually grows in Mars’ atmosphere rather than something that doesn’t die, but not dying is a good start.
I think terraforming Mars won’t ever be used to create an earth like planet. We can dump water onto it (flinging ice asteroids at it should do it just fine) but without a magnetosphere, everything we add to make the atmosphere better will be blown away by solar winds.
We can still user Mars to experiment with the weather systems and the like, though. Right now, people are seriously suggesting stuffing our own atmosphere with sulfur compounds to correct for global warming instead of reducing the amount of fossil fuels we burn (which will work, but will be undone almost instantly the moment we stop pumping these chemicals into the atmosphere).
A lot of people are afraid of systemd expanding because systemd handles a lot of stuff, so distros are likely to support it rather than the mishmash of tools they personally prefer. It all started with the System-V/Upstart replacement and now very few distros have the patience to customise and roll out the 90s style service management anymore. Their preferences used to align with the mainstream, but no longer do these days, and that causes friction.
This process pushes people who prefer old tools to fringe distros, and newer software is less likely to work on their setups. They’re still free to use whatever system they like, of course, but the burden for developing and maintaining daemon management scripts is now on their fringe distro or themselves if their distro doesn’t have anything yet. I’d find that pretty annoying too, especially with how convoluted many older system management scripts are and how many moving parts are typically involved. Plus, some stuff like socket activation can’t even be done with some of the older init systems so people have to find alternatives.
I doubt anyone reeling against run0 was ever going to consider it anyway.
sudo had several severe security bugs caused by copying env variables so I’m not surprised run0 isn’t doing much of that. I’ve had to help a whole bunch of people fix the permissions/ownership on their Jo. E directory after running sudo so I can even see the point of jot copying $HOME by default.
I don’t think it’ll replace sudo necessarily, or doas would’ve done that already. It’s still useful as a shorthand for systemd-run and in some locked down system configurations I can see it being useful (i.e. when minimising the amount of SUID binaries). Maybe some elaborate enterprise setups will switch to it for security reasons, especially if they’re already leveraging PolKit heavily.
Can’t you add an extra SSID just for the cameras? Using different SSIDs breaks the technology designed to solve this exact problem.
That’s assuming your access points have somewhat decent software, of course, without fast roaming you’ll be screwed regardless.
ActivityPub is actually a good way to authenticate things. If an organization vouches for something they can post it on their server and it can be viewed elsewhere.
AP has some pretty big issues when it comes to moving servers, expiring and re-purchased domain names, and other such edge cases. Servers either blindly accept new keys after a certain time, or are vulnerable to enabling key ransoming after hacks (the reason HKPK went nowhere).
We could just move to a “watermark” system where everyone takes credit for their contributions.
North Korea actually has this embedded in their government Linux distro and it works well as long as everyone who opens the file runs a supported OS. Not for AI, but to track who wrote what unpleasant documents, but still, it proves the idea can work.
On the other hand, how do you determine trust? I can generate a million plausible names and digital addresses on my computer. Half the images I see online are screenshots or screen recordings already (because “save as” isn’t available on “modern” websites).
In theory, we can solve this by simply having digital stuff be signed, but setting up a web of trust will be difficult. Especially since most of the internet is semi-anonymous.
Funnily enough, the Fediverse already signs most data, so this scheme is already active unintentionally here on Lemmy! But for all I know, you’re not really “Kevon Looney” and just a fake from another server.
The nice thing is that it already runs Linux. The less nice thing is that it’s running some ancient Linux 2.6 kernel with Android on top of it.
It should be doable to install Linux in some form or another onto it, but it won’t be easy like installing Linux on a PC.
DDG doesn’t have their own search index, they’re mostly using Bing and maybe a few fallback providers. They’re entirely reliant on other search engines that they purchase results from, they barely do any actual searching themselves. Things like image search even come from one single source (Bing).
Dinosaurs still exist today, so technically they were also around 40 million years ago. I don’t think many people knew birds are dinosaurs before the internet, though, and “walk the bird” sounds a bit strange.